El Nino, Indian Ocean Dipole increases risk of haze in Singapore from Jun to Oct [5:06-8:36]

the information such that we have less rainfall. So pollutant can accumulate longer time in the air such that would be good for the long-term transport. Second one is the emission because in the dry condition, so the pitland or vegetation, the fires will be more likely to happen because the dry condition, warmer condition would trigger this kind of the fire hotspot to appear. At the same time, we have about mass burning activities also once the fire starts, that could spread very quickly because of the dry condition. So if now look at to the two factors, now one is 80 percent the chance will happen. Now we'll see how you see a second factor will play around. All right. What can we do given that these various, these variabilities suggest that this is a high likelihood of this happening? Can we do things in good time and announce? Okay. From the individual point of view, so we have three recommendations. The first one is we should develop a routine that we check the weather and air quality before we plan our activities, which is a- Every day? Every day I would say because that would be good especially for the vulnerable population. For example, patients with the preconditions of respiratory disease like asthma, COPD, that would be good to check the weather condition like the temperature level as well as the air quality condition. So if you find the condition may not be good for your health status, so better that you can rearrange or plan your activities accordingly and try not to have any outdoor activities as intensive as you so. So that would protect your health. Second one is if you think that you need to like more protection, so better you have the air purifier at the working place and also at your home if possible. But choosing the air purifier is also the tricky part because usually we recommend to have the air purifier with the HEPA filter, which is a very effective life filter for us to filter our particles. This is obviously on the box you would say. Correct. Correct. At the same time, we have to pay attention to the pumping volume, the rates. If your house is really big, your room is bigger. If your air purifier has a relatively lower volume rate, a pumping rate, so that will be the removal rate is not as fast as the particle attenuated from outside to inside indoor environment. So that is you have to choose to correct the air purifier. The last one is you should prepare enough filter, enough mask, which is not the surgical mask that we usually see in the COVID because that is not effective to filter our particles. So the more effective type should be the N95, which is very effective to remove the particles during the haste. So in other words, we should be stocking up on these all knowing what Singaporeans like. They will run out and be rushing out fighting each other for masks and air purifiers. I think it depends on the conditions, but majority, especially for population or the patients with the precondition. So it is also good for them to manage their exposures every day, not only during the day. So take precautions in good time. Thanks to warnings from agencies like yours. Thanks to that professor Steven from NTU. Thank you for coming in this evening. Thank you.