Paula Kantor - AgWISE: A Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Perspective [28:05-33:07]

Okay so now coming to the study findings our first findings started with the common assumption is that women's water needs are content to the domestic needs and men to the productive water but our findings really challenge this directly. So what we found in the ground is that women's needs water bound household needs so they are called water water for farming, livestock activities, fishing and then other livelihood activities and their rules have expanded further when there is a male organizations and in the absence of men women actually take all the responsibility for household for for the farm and also for the care work. Similarly, domestic water also managed by men but a man involvement is often associated as you will know in the developing South Asian countries always happen it's not very it's not seen as a masculine to men being water but they participate under certain condition like when their spouse is sick they are not at home. Water source is far from the home but but I also seen that some men generally have their wife and they will easily collect water for their for their wife. So now you can see from the figure about 74% of men and 58% of women are experienced agriculture water insecurity. And similarly, also 29% of men and 43% of women are experienced domestic water insecurity. So when water is scarce is actually described not only the household routines but also very other activities especially when the same water source actually used for the domestic and the productive purposes. And this overlay means that domestic and productive water needs are very closely interconnected and the combational intersectional the combational sexual separations between them does not reflect that how the water is experienced and everyday life but in from the figure you can see what is very distinguished from their experience is the intensity of the burden. Women actually feel that people burden because of managing water for household care work and the poor activities and which happen actually simultaneously which create a significant no time burden and labor pressure. And this burden is further intensified when there is a structural constraint when water is not very available when they needed there is a salinity in water or no water at all. And access is really controlled by someone else by the sub-inferential factors by canalizing so women typically cannot decide independently when to access water, negotiate or reorganize their work and on the uncertainty. And our second findings about the assumption that water insecurity actually experience equally but every once but what we found is a different reality. Water insecurity is highly differentiated and shaped by socio-demography, socio-economic power relations and this factor determined who can access water and you know, under what conditions. So from the figure you can see that men reported constantly high level of productivity water insecurity was all A's group. But an adult group of 31 to 60 years they experienced higher insecurity which means they have continued to involve in the field activities and irrigation practice than than the younger one because younger people no longer wanted to stay in the agriculture. But the further women the pattern is very different older women they report the highest level because around like 70% 76% older women experience water insecurity. And this is because their rule and mobility plays them like highly free based work because the younger women they are they are they cannot go out for field work into social norms. And for our next category we do man report the highest level of insecurity almost 100% and I will man 75% 75% around we we do and we would see women by the household except the higher level of water insecurity than married women. And there's a man actually often described that a management of land and water become more uncertain and difficult in the absence of a spouse of male members. Same for the household structures male household in the male head household you can see that nearly all men and women expressed body water insecurity but if you look at the female head households 100% women's they they reported that water insecurity. We see a serious effect at them because they have limited power in the decision making spaces.