Arch of Ky., LLC v. OWCP

── Arch of Ky., LLC v. OWCP ── Court: Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit Date: April 28, 2026 Category: General NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION File Name: 26a0191n.06 Nos. 23-3297, 23-3437, 23-3536, 23-3537, 23-3541, 23-3612, 23-3644, 23-3645, 23-3662 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT ) APOGEE COAL COMPANY, LLC, and ARCH RESOURCES, INC. (23- ) 3297/3541/3612/3644/3645/3662); APOGEE COAL ) FILED COMPANY and ARCH COAL, INC., nka Arch ) Apr 28, 2026 Resources, Inc. (23-3437); ARCH OF KENTUCKY, ) KELLY L. STEPHENS, Clerk LLC, and ARCH RESOURCES, INC. (23- ) 3536/3537), ) Petitioners, ) ON PETITION FOR REVIEW ) OF AN ORDER OF THE v. ) BENEFITS REVIEW BOARD, ) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF WORKERS’ ) LABOR COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, U.S. ) DEPARTMENT OF LABOR; RUTLAND ) OPINION MELTON (23-3297); MICHAEL G. CASH (23- 3437); MARY ISON (23-3536/3537); RUSH ) CREECH (23-3541); KENNY R. JOHNSON (23- ) 3612); HAL T. WOODS, SR. (23-3644); STEVEN ) HOLBROOK, obo DONALD HOLBROOK (23- ) 3645); and JERRY HALL (23-3662), ) Respondents. ) Before: KETHLEDGE, NALBANDIAN, and RITZ, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM. Arch Resources, Inc. and Apogee Coal Company, LLC petition for review of the Benefits Review Board’s decision that Arch—the former parent corporation of Apogee—is responsible for paying, to the individual respondents here, benefits owed to them under the Black Lung Benefits Act. We deny the petitions. In the 1990s, the miners involved in these consolidated cases worked for Apogee Coal Company in Kentucky. At that time, Apogee was Arch’s subsidiary. Rather than purchase Nos. 23-3297, et al., Apogee Coal Co., et al. v. OWCP, et al. commercial insurance, Arch self-insured Apogee against black-lung claims. See 30 U.S.C. § 933(a). In 2005, Arch sold Apogee—along with its black-lung liabilities—to Magnum Coal. Three years later, Patriot Coal acquired Magnum and its subsidiaries, including Apogee. In 2015, Patriot went bankrupt. Patriot’s bankruptcy created a problem for the black-lung benefits system. Patriot owned dozens of subsidiary coal companies whose former employees sought black-lung benefits, so its bankruptcy could shift hundreds of millions of dollars in black-lung liabilities to the federal government. See 26 U.S.C. § 9501. As relevant here, however, the Department of Labor instructed its district directors to hold Arch liable as the responsible insurer for black-lung claims against Apogee that accrued during the period Arch owned and self-insured Apogee. U.S. Dep’t of Labor, BLBA Bulletin No. 16-01, 3 (2015). The miners in these cases applied for black-lung benefits between 2015 and 2017. Department of Labor district directors granted each miner benefits, and named Apogee the responsible operator and Arch the responsible insurer. Arch appealed these decisions, arguing that it had sold Apogee in 2005 and thus was no longer obligated to pay benefits. In each case, administrative law judges and the Board affirmed the district directors’ decisions. Arch then petitioned our court for review. We review the Board’s legal conclusions de novo. Cent. Ohio Coal Co. v. Dir., OWCP, 762 F.3d 483, 488 (6th Cir. 2014). Petitione